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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Medical microbiology & virology --- Microbiology (non-medical) --- Proteomics --- Mass Spectrometry --- Foodborne bacteria --- Probiotics --- foodborne pathogens --- Cell surface proteins --- food quality --- Food Safety --- Human health

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Biomembranes --- Cell interaction --- Membranes (Biology) --- Cell membrane --- CELL COMMUNICATION --- Cell Communication --- Cell Membrane --- Membrane Proteins --- physiology --- Cell Communication. --- Cell Membrane. --- Membrane Proteins. --- Biological membranes --- Biological interfaces --- Protoplasm --- Cell-cell interaction --- Cell communication --- Cellular communication (Biology) --- Cellular interaction --- Intercellular communication --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Integral Membrane Protein --- Membrane Protein --- Membrane-Associated Proteins --- Cell Membrane Proteins --- Cell Surface Proteins --- Integral Membrane Proteins --- Surface Proteins --- Membrane Associated Proteins --- Membrane Protein, Integral --- Membrane Proteins, Integral --- Protein, Integral Membrane --- Protein, Membrane --- Proteins, Cell Membrane --- Proteins, Cell Surface --- Proteins, Integral Membrane --- Proteins, Membrane --- Proteins, Membrane-Associated --- Proteins, Surface --- Membranes --- Cytoplasmic Membrane --- Plasma Membrane --- Cell Membranes --- Cytoplasmic Membranes --- Membrane, Cell --- Membrane, Cytoplasmic --- Membrane, Plasma --- Membranes, Cell --- Membranes, Cytoplasmic --- Membranes, Plasma --- Plasma Membranes --- Cell Interaction --- Cell-to-Cell Interaction --- Cell Communications --- Cell Interactions --- Cell to Cell Interaction --- Cell-to-Cell Interactions --- Communication, Cell --- Communications, Cell --- Interaction, Cell --- Interaction, Cell-to-Cell --- Interactions, Cell --- Interactions, Cell-to-Cell --- physiology. --- Cell Membrane Protein --- Cell Surface Protein --- Membrane-Associated Protein --- Surface Protein --- Membrane Associated Protein --- Membrane Protein, Cell --- Protein, Cell Membrane --- Protein, Cell Surface --- Protein, Membrane-Associated --- Protein, Surface --- Surface Protein, Cell --- Cell membrane - physiology - congresses --- Cell Communication - congresses --- Cell Membrane - congresses --- Membrane Proteins - congresses

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Volume 5 of Biomembranes covers an important group of membrane proteins, the ATPases. The P-type ATPases couple the hydrolysis of ATP to the movement of ions across a membrane and are characterized by the formation of a phosphoyrlated intermediate. Included are the plasma membrane and muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPases, the (Na+ -K+) -ATPase, the gastric (H+ -K+) -ATPase, the plasma membrane H+ -ATPase of fungi and plants, the Mg2+ - transport ATPase, the Salmonella typhimurium, and the K+ -ATPase of Escheric

Adenosine triphosphatase -- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Adenosine triphosphatase -- Pathophysiology -- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Adenosine triphosphatase. --- Endocytosis. --- Exocytosis. --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Biology - General --- Membranes (Biology). --- Membrane Proteins --- Cell Membrane --- Proteins --- Cellular Structures --- Cells --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Anatomy --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Anatomies --- Cell --- Cell Biology --- Cell Components --- Cell Component --- Cellular Structure --- Component, Cell --- Components, Cell --- Structure, Cellular --- Structures, Cellular --- Gene Products, Protein --- Gene Proteins --- Protein --- Protein Gene Products --- Proteins, Gene --- Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action --- Cytoplasmic Membrane --- Plasma Membrane --- Cell Membranes --- Cytoplasmic Membranes --- Membrane, Cell --- Membrane, Cytoplasmic --- Membrane, Plasma --- Membranes, Cell --- Membranes, Cytoplasmic --- Membranes, Plasma --- Plasma Membranes --- Membranes --- Integral Membrane Protein --- Membrane Protein --- Membrane-Associated Proteins --- Cell Membrane Protein --- Cell Membrane Proteins --- Cell Surface Protein --- Cell Surface Proteins --- Integral Membrane Proteins --- Membrane-Associated Protein --- Surface Protein --- Surface Proteins --- Membrane Associated Protein --- Membrane Associated Proteins --- Membrane Protein, Cell --- Membrane Protein, Integral --- Membrane Proteins, Integral --- Protein, Cell Membrane --- Protein, Cell Surface --- Protein, Integral Membrane --- Protein, Membrane --- Protein, Membrane-Associated --- Protein, Surface --- Proteins, Cell Membrane --- Proteins, Cell Surface --- Proteins, Integral Membrane --- Proteins, Membrane --- Proteins, Membrane-Associated --- Proteins, Surface --- Surface Protein, Cell

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Although 30% of the healthy human population is colonized with various Staphylococcus species, some staphylococcal strains, referred to as opportunistic pathogens, can cause minor to life-threatening diseases. The pathogenicity of these bacteria depends on their virulence factors and the robustness of the regulatory networks expressing these virulence factors. Virulence factors of pathogenic Staphylococcus spp. consist of numerous toxins, enterotoxins (some of which act as superantigens), enzymes, and proteins (cytoplasmic, extracellular, and surface) that are regulated by two-component (TC) and quorum-sensing (QS) regulatory networks. To enter this niche, some other Staphylococcus species, such as Staphylococcus simulans, produce a potent endopeptidase called lysostaphin, which can inhibit the growth of pathogenic S. aureus. Some other Staphylococcus species produce autolysins and cationic peptides to win the intra- and inter-species competition. The outcome of this microbial invasion depends not only on pathogenic factors but also on the host’s internal and external defense mechanisms, including a healthy skin microbiome. A healthy skin microbiome population can prevent colonization by other major pathogens. As normal host microflora, these commensals establish a complex relationship with the host as well as the surrounding microbial communities. This Special Issue of Microorganisms is focused on studies and recent advancements in our understanding of staphylococcal virulence mechanisms that enable Staphylococcus spp. either to successfully establish themselves as a colonizer or to overcome the host’s defense system to cause infection along with our effort to make an anti-staphylococcal vaccine.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- biofilm --- MRSA --- silver ion --- silver sulfadiazine --- wound infections --- Staphylococcus aureus --- methicillin resistance --- human infection --- CC130 --- biomaterials --- medical devices --- HL-60 cells --- PMNs --- endotracheal tube --- titanium --- implantable devices --- nosocomial diseases --- Staphylococcus lugdunensis --- sortase A --- surface proteins --- LPXTG --- small colony variants --- influenza virus --- super-infection --- pro-inflammatory response --- rural Ghana --- molecular epidemiology --- chronic wounds --- invasive disease --- surgery-associated infection --- sepsis --- SA4Ag vaccine --- conjugated polysaccharide --- ClfA --- MntC --- protection --- animal models --- phase variation --- Staphylococcus epidermidis --- microbiota --- multidrug resistance --- genome sequencing --- phylogenetic analyses --- arthroplasty surgery --- methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) --- community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) --- CA-MRSA strain USA300 --- murine skin infection model --- dermatopathology --- dermonecrosis --- neutrophil --- host antibacterial response --- cytokine --- chemokine --- physiology --- metabolism --- carbon catabolite repression --- CcpA --- HPr --- colonization --- mouse --- JSNZ --- aurintricarboxylic acid --- ATA --- adhesion inhibitor --- mupirocin --- nose --- superantigen --- mastitis --- food intoxication --- regulation --- sec variants --- CM lipids --- daptomycin resistance --- resensitization --- n/a

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Biomembranes --- Hormone receptors --- Membrane proteins --- Energy transfer --- Energy metabolism --- Receptors, Cell Surface --- Membrane Proteins --- Energy Transfer --- Congresses --- 577.112 --- Energy Transfer. --- Membrane Proteins. --- Receptors, Cell Surface. --- -Energy transfer --- -Hormone receptors --- -Membrane proteins --- -Membranes (Biology) --- Proteins --- Hormones --- Receptors, Hormone --- Cell receptors --- Energy storage --- Force and energy --- Transport theory --- Bioenergetics --- Metabolism --- Microbial respiration --- Cell Surface Hormone Receptors --- Endogenous Substances Receptors --- Cell Surface Receptors --- Hormone Receptors, Cell Surface --- Receptors, Endogenous Substances --- Binding Sites --- Ligands --- Receptor Cross-Talk --- Integral Membrane Protein --- Membrane Protein --- Membrane-Associated Proteins --- Cell Membrane Proteins --- Cell Surface Proteins --- Integral Membrane Proteins --- Surface Proteins --- Membrane Associated Proteins --- Membrane Protein, Integral --- Membrane Proteins, Integral --- Protein, Integral Membrane --- Protein, Membrane --- Proteins, Cell Membrane --- Proteins, Cell Surface --- Proteins, Integral Membrane --- Proteins, Membrane --- Proteins, Membrane-Associated --- Proteins, Surface --- Cell Membrane --- Membranes --- Transfer, Energy --- Receptors --- Conferences - Meetings --- 577.218 --- Gene expression --- -Genes --- Genetic regulation --- Molecular mechanisms of control : gene expression. Molecular embryology --- Expression --- 577.152.1 --- Oxidases --- -Oxidoreductases. Oxidases. Dehydrogenases. Reductases etc. --- 577.112.824 --- Albumin --- -Albumen --- Albumins --- Carbohydrate Metabolism. --- Carbohydrate metabolism --- -Metabolism --- -577.124 --- Anabolism --- Catabolism --- Metabolism, Primary --- Primary metabolism --- Biochemistry --- Physiology --- Metabolism, Carbohydrate --- Carbohydrates --- Regulation --- -Congresses --- metabolism --- 577.175.322 --- Cells --- -Growth --- -Growth regulators --- -Growth regulating substances --- Morphology (Animals) --- Developmental biology --- Organisms --- Cytology --- Growth hormone. Somatotrophic hormone --- Growth --- Fatty Acids --- 577.125 --- Glycerides --- Fatty acids --- -Glycerides --- -Acids, Fatty --- Carboxylic acids --- metabolism. --- Lipid metabolism. Lipoid metabolism. Fatty-acid metabolism --- Protease Inhibitors. --- Peptide Hydrolases --- 577.152.34 --- 612.321 --- Protease inhibitors --- Proteolytic enzymes --- -Peptide hydrolases --- Proteases --- Hydrolases --- Proteolytic enzyme inhibitors --- Enzyme inhibitors --- Antiproteases --- Protease Inhibitor --- Endopeptidase Inhibitors --- Peptidase Inhibitors --- Peptide Hydrolase Inhibitors --- Peptide Peptidohydrolase Inhibitors --- Protease Antagonists --- Antagonists, Protease --- Hydrolase Inhibitors, Peptide --- Inhibitor, Protease --- Inhibitors, Endopeptidase --- Inhibitors, Peptidase --- Inhibitors, Peptide Hydrolase --- Inhibitors, Peptide Peptidohydrolase --- Inhibitors, Protease --- Peptidohydrolase Inhibitors, Peptide --- Endopeptidases --- Exopeptidases --- Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory --- Acting on peptide bonds (peptide hydrolases), proteolytic fermentation. Proteinases --- Normal composition of gastric juice. Pepsin. Proteolytic enzymes --- Inhibitors --- antagonists & inhibitors --- -Growth hormone. Somatotrophic hormone --- -metabolism. --- -Proteins --- -Molecular mechanisms of control : gene expression. Molecular embryology --- -Albumins --- -577.152.1 Oxidoreductases. Oxidases. Dehydrogenases. Reductases etc. --- Oxidoreductases. Oxidases. Dehydrogenases. Reductases etc. --- 577.175.322 Growth hormone. Somatotrophic hormone --- 612.321 Normal composition of gastric juice. Pepsin. Proteolytic enzymes --- 577.152.34 Acting on peptide bonds (peptide hydrolases), proteolytic fermentation. Proteinases --- 577.125 Lipid metabolism. Lipoid metabolism. Fatty-acid metabolism --- -577.112 Proteins --- Membranes (Biology) --- 577.218 Molecular mechanisms of control : gene expression. Molecular embryology --- 577.124 Carbohydrate metabolism --- 612.398 --- -Proteins in human nutrition --- -Nutrition --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics --- 612.398 Proteins, nitrogenous foodstuffs. Albumin. Albuminoids. Proteolysis --- Proteins, nitrogenous foodstuffs. Albumin. Albuminoids. Proteolysis --- 577.112 Proteins --- -612.398 Proteins, nitrogenous foodstuffs. Albumin. Albuminoids. Proteolysis --- -577.125 Lipid metabolism. Lipoid metabolism. Fatty-acid metabolism --- Acids, Fatty --- -577.175.322 Growth hormone. Somatotrophic hormone --- Growth regulating substances --- -577.218 Molecular mechanisms of control : gene expression. Molecular embryology --- Genes --- -Proteolytic enzyme inhibitors --- Peptide hydrolases --- Nutrition --- Antiprotease --- Endopeptidase Inhibitor --- Peptidase Inhibitor --- Peptide Hydrolase Inhibitor --- Peptide Peptidohydrolase Inhibitor --- Protease Antagonist --- Antagonist, Protease --- Hydrolase Inhibitor, Peptide --- Inhibitor, Endopeptidase --- Inhibitor, Peptidase --- Inhibitor, Peptide Hydrolase --- Inhibitor, Peptide Peptidohydrolase --- Peptidohydrolase Inhibitor, Peptide --- Cell Surface Receptor --- Receptor, Cell Surface --- Surface Receptor, Cell --- Cell Membrane Protein --- Cell Surface Protein --- Membrane-Associated Protein --- Surface Protein --- Membrane Associated Protein --- Membrane Protein, Cell --- Protein, Cell Membrane --- Protein, Cell Surface --- Protein, Membrane-Associated --- Protein, Surface --- Surface Protein, Cell --- Protease Inhibitors --- Carbohydrate Metabolism --- -metabolism --- Hormone receptors - Congresses --- Membrane proteins - Congresses --- Energy transfer - Congresses --- Energy metabolism - Congresses --- Receptors, Cell Surface - congresses --- Membrane Proteins - congresses --- Energy Transfer - congresses --- -Transfer, Energy